Basic Search
Search the web and get structured results:Search with Intent
Pass the optionalpurpose parameter to state why you are searching — the goal
the results will be used for. It is always optional, but supplying it gives the
search additional intent signal beyond the raw keywords, helping deliver
better-quality results.
Include or Exclude Sites
Useinclude_domains to restrict results to specific domains, and exclude_domains
to remove domains from the results. Both take a comma-separated list of domains.
exclude_domains:
cURL
Deprecated: domain filtering via
site:/-site: operators inside the query
string still works, but prefer include_domains / exclude_domains above.cURL
cURL
Geo-Targeted Search
Get results localized to a specific country and language:When only
language is provided, location auto-resolves to the most common pairing (e.g. fr → FR, ja → JP). See the Reference for details.Search + Fetch Pipeline
Combine Search with Fetch to get full page content from top results:Freshness Filter
Userecency_minutes when you want a freshness window relative to now.
Date Window Search
Useafter_date and before_date when you want a calendar date range.
News Search
Usedomain_type=news to retrieve recent news articles. Results include publisher and date fields.
Research Paper Search
Usedomain_type=research_paper to search academic papers. Results include authors, venue, year, and cited_by_count fields.
Research Paper Search by Publication Year
Usepub_year_min / pub_year_max with domain_type=research_paper to scope results to a publication-year range (inclusive integers, 0-9999, with pub_year_min <= pub_year_max when both are set). These replace after_date / before_date / recency_minutes, which are not supported for domain_type=research_paper.
Related
Search Reference
Full parameter and response docs
Fetch Examples
Extract page content from URLs